Smoking increases heart risk more in women than men

Smoking has a greater heart risk in women

Women
who start smoking increase their risk of a heart attack by more than
men who take up the habit, according to a review of more than 30 years
of research.

A study of 2.4 million people, published in the Lancet, showed a 25% difference in increased risk.


The reasons are unclear, say researchers.


The British Heart Foundation said the findings were "alarming" especially as women tended to smoke fewer cigarettes.


The World Health Organization lists heart disease as the world's biggest killer, affecting more than seven million people each year.


The illness is largely down to lifestyle choice and smoking
is one of the main causes. A study by the University of Minnesota showed
women are at greater risk from smoking than men.


It analysed 75 sets of data produced by studies between 1966 and 2010.


The report showed that: "Women had a significant 25%
increased risk for coronary heart disease conferred by cigarette smoking
compared with men."

Jules Payne
Heart UK

Smoking was thought to double
the risk of a heart attack for both men and women. The report's author
Rachel Huxley said the risks adjusted for each sex were not available -
but she roughly estimated them to be around a 1.8 fold increase if men
start smoking and around a 2.3 fold increase for women.

Reason unknown
The researchers admit that the explanation for the increased
risk is "unclear", but likely explanations fall into two categories.


Biological differences between the sexes could mean women are
more vulnerable to coronary heart disease or there could be differences
in the way women smoke.


The authors suggested: "Women might extract a greater
quantity of carcinogens and other toxic agents from the same number of
cigarettes than men."


Ellen Mason, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart
Foundation, said: "It's alarming to see such a large study confirm that
women are so much more at risk of heart disease from smoking than men.


"Despite women generally smoking fewer cigarettes a day than
men, women appear to be substantially more at risk of getting heart
disease.


The chief executive of Heart UK, Jules Payne, said: "Smoking
cessation policies and practice should take account of differences
between the genders in order to optimise effectiveness in targeting both
men and women."


Jane Landon, deputy chief executive of the National Heart
Forum, said: "In many countries around the world, women are viewed as a
growth market by tobacco companies.


"Government plans for plain packaging of tobacco products are
urgently needed to stop the cynical marketing that particularly targets
young women with slim cigarettes in small, attractive packs in
appealing textures and colours."